PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.